Volume 3 (2020)
The Stela of Renefres and his Family in the Grand Egyptian Museum (CG 20322)
᾿El-Gabry, Dina
Abstract:
We publish a stela currently located in the Grand Egyptian Museum in Cairo. CG 20322 belongs to Renefres, the overseer of sandal-makers. The piece alludes to a sequence of well–known non–royal titles of the late Middle Kingdom. A unique feature of the stela is the order of the title zš wr n ḫnrt instead of zš n ḫnrt wr. Unfortunately, the provenance is unknown, but it most likely originated from Thebes. The object in question also sheds light on the genealogy of the family of Renefres. CG 20322 can be dated back to the late Middle Kingdom, based on its linguistic and stylistic features along with the preponderance of the titles and the names mentioned
Citation:
᾿El-Gabry, D. 2020. «The Stela of Renefres and his Family in the Grand Egyptian Museum (CG 20322)», JHIE 3: 19–32
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.4304906
Language: en
Submitted on 2019-01-28; accepted on 2020-10-24
References
- ᾽Al-Ayedi, A.R.: Index of Egyptian Administrative, Religious and Military Titles of the New Kingdom, Ismailia (Obelisk Publications) 2006.
- Bárta, W.: Aufbau und Bedeutung der altägyptischen Opferformel, Glückstadt (J.J. Augustin / ÄgForsch 24) 1968.
- Bennett, C.J.C.: «Growth of the Htp-di-nsw Formula in the Middle Kingdom», JEA 27, 1941, 77-82.
- Berlev, O.D.: «Les prétendus “citadins” au Moyen Empire», RdÉ 23, 1971, 23-48.
- Brack, A.: «Diskussionsbeitrag zu dem Titel Xkrt njswt», SAK 11, 1984, 183-186.
- Callender, V.G.: «À propos the title of r Nxn n zAb», Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000 (Bárta, M. & Krejčí, J., eds), Praha (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute / Archiv Orientalni 9) 2000, 361-380.
- Chevereau, P.–M.: «Contribution à la prosopographie des cadres militaires du Moyen Empire», RdÉ 43, 1992, 11-34.
- Doxey, D.M.: Egyptian Non–Royal Epithets in the Middle Kingdom: A Social and Historical Analysis, Leiden (Brill / PdÄ 12) 1998.
- Drenkhahn, R.: «Bemerkungen zu dem Titel Xkrt nswt», SAK 4, 59-67, 1976.
- ᾽El-Enany, K.: «Une stèle privée de la fin du Moyen Empire découverte à Karnak: Le Caire, Musée Égyptien JE 37515», BIFAO 108, 2008, 95-113.
- Erman, A.: «Zum Namen des Osiris», ZÄS 46, 1909, 92-95.
- Fekri, M.M.: «Les protectrices de la famille royale “khekerout nesout” dans l’Égypte ancienne», Studies in Honour of Ali Radwan 1 (Daoud, K., Bedier, S. & cAbd ᾽El-Fatāh, S., eds), Le Caire (SCA / ASAE–Suppl., Cahier 34) 2005, 353-374.
- Franke, D.: «Ursprung und Bedeutung der Titelsequenz zAb rA-Nxn», SAK 11, 1984, 209-217.
- Franke, D.: «The Middle Kingdom Offering Formulas: A Challenge», JEA 89, 2003, 39-57.
- Franke, D., Marée, M. & Ambers, J.: Egyptian Stelae in the British Museum from the 13th to 17th Dynasties: Volume I. Fascicule I: Descriptions, London (British Museum) 2013.
- Grajetzki, W.: Two Treasurers of the Late Middle Kingdom, Oxford (Archaeopress / BAR International Series 1007) 2001.
- Grajetzki, W.: Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom: Drawings by P. Whelan, London (Duckworth Egyptology) 2009.
- Grajetzki, W.: «Setting a State Anew: The Central Administration from the End of the Old Kingdom to the End of the Middle Kingdom», Ancient Egyptian Administration (Moreno García, J.C., ed.), Leiden (Brill / HdO 104) 2013a, 215-258.
- Grajetzki, W.: «Late Middle Kingdom», UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (Wendrich, W. et al., eds), Los Angeles (University of California Los Angeles) 2013b, 1-14 [URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gk7274p].
- Grajetzki, W. & Stefanović, D.: Dossiers of Ancient Egyptians - The Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period: Addition to Franke’s “Personendaten”, London (Golden House Publications / GHP Egyptology 19) 2012.
- Hannig, R.: Ägyptisches Wörterbuch II. Mittleres Reich und Zweite Zwischenzeit I-II, Mainz am Rhein (Philipp von Zabern / KAW 112) 2006.
- Hayes, W.C.: A Papyrus of the Late Middle Kingdom in the Brooklyn Museum [Papyrus Brooklyn 351446], New York (The Brooklyn Museum) 1955.
- Hodjash, S.I. & Berlev, O.D.: «Several Middle Kingdom Stelae of the Moscow Fine Arts Museum», A o F 3, 1975, 5-18.
- Ilin-Tomich, A.: «Changes in the Htp-di-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period», ZÄS 138, 2011, 20-34.
- Ilin-Tomich, A.: «Late Middle Kingdom Stelae Workshops at Thebes», GM 234, 2012, 69-84.
- Ilin-Tomich, A.: «Theban Administration in the Late Middle Kingdom», ZÄS 1422, 2015, 120-153.
- Ilin-Tomich, A.: From Workshop to Sanctuary: The Production of Late Middle Kingdom Memorial Stelae, London (Golden House Publications / MKS 6) 2017.
- Ilin-Tomich, A.: «Female Titles Specific to Southern Upper Egypt in the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period», BACE 26, 2018, 19-36.
- Jones, D.: An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the Old Kingdom II, Oxford (Archaeopress / BAR International Series 866) 2000.
- Lange, H.O. & Schäfer, H.: Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reichs, Text zu № 20001-20399, Teil 1, Berlin (Reichsdruckerei / CGC) 1902.
- Magee, D.: «Three Middle Kingdom Stelae in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford», Sitting Beside Lepsius: Studies in Honour of Jaromir Málek at the Griffith Institute (Magee, D., Bourriau, J. et al., eds), Leuven (Peeters / OLA 185) 2009, 315-325.
- Marée, M.: «A Sculpture Workshop at Abydos from the Late Sixteenth or Early Seventeenth Dynasty», The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties): Current Research, Future Prospects (Marée, M., ed.), Leuven (Peeters / OLA 192) 2010, 241-281.
- Nelson-Hurst, M.G.: Ideology and Practicality in Transmission of Office During the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: An Examination of Families and the Concept of IAt, Ann Arbor (UMI / ProQuest) 2011.
- Nord, D.: « “Xkrt-nswt ” = “King’s Concubine”?», Serapis 2, 1970, 1-16.
- Obsomer, C.: «di.f prt-xrw et la filiation ms(t).n/ir (t).n comme critères de datation dans les textes du Moyen Empire», Individu, société et spiritualité dans l’Égypte pharaonique et copte: Mélanges égyptologiques offerts au Professeur Aristide Théodoridès (Cannuyer, C. & Kruchten, J.–M., eds) Bruxelles (Association Montoise d’Égyptologie) 1993, 163-200.
- Pflüger, K.: «The Private Funerary Stelae of the Middle Kingdom and their Importance for the Study of Ancient Egyptian History», JAOS 672, 1947, 127-135.
- Posener, G.: «Sur la valeur phonétique AT > At du signe », RdÉ 15, 1963, 127-128.
- Postel, L.: «Quand réapparaît la forme ms(w).n? Réflexions sur la formule de filiation maternelle à la fin du Moyen Empire», Verba manent: Recueil d'études dédiées à Dimitri Meeks par ses collègues et amis II (Régen, I. & Servajean, F., eds), Montpellier (Université Paul Valéry / CENiM 2) 2009, 331-354.
- Quirke, S.: «State and Labour in the Middle Kingdom: A Reconsideration of the Term #nrt », RdÉ 39, 1988, 83-106.
- Quirke, S.: Discovering Egypt from the Neva: The Egyptological Legacy of Oleg D. Berlev, Berlin (Achet Verlag) 2003.
- Quirke, S.: Titles and Bureaux of Egypt 1850-1700 BC, London (Golden House Publications / GHP Egyptology 1) 2004.
- Ranke, H.: Die ä gyptischen Personennamen, Band I: Verzeichnis der Namen, Glückstadt-Hamburg (J.J. Augustin) 1935.
- Robins, G.: Women in Ancient Egypt, London (British Museum Press) 1993.
- Shirley, J.J.: «Crisis and Restructuring of the State: From the Second Intermediate Period to the Advent of the Ramesses», Ancient Egyptian Administration (Moreno García, J.C., ed.), Leiden (Brill / HdO 104) 2013, 521-606.
- Smither, P.C.: «The Writing of @tp-di-nsw in the Middle and New Kingdoms», JEA 251, 1939, 34-37.
- Stefanović, D.: The Holders of Regular Military Titles in the Period of the Middle Kingdom: Dossiers, London (Golden House Publications / GHP Egyptology 4) 2006.
- Stefanović, D.: «Stela Bolton 1920.10.12: The Non–Royal Women of the Middle Kingdom II (Xkrt nswt, bAkt nt HqA, and anxt nt tpt nswt)», SAK 38, 2009a, 297-309.
- Stefanović, D.:The Non–Royal Regular Feminine Titles of the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period: Dossiers, London (Golden House Publications / GHP Egyptology 11) 2009b.
- Stefanović, D.: «The Xkrt-nswt on the Monuments of the ATw n Tt HqA», Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Egyptologists 1, Leuven (Peeters / OLA 2411) 2015, 861-871.
- Stocks, D.: art. «Leather», The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt II (Redford, D., ed.), Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2001, 282-284.
- Van den Boorn, G.P.F.: The Duties of the Vizier: Civil Administration in the Early New Kingdom, London-New York (Kegan Paul International / StudEgypt) 1988.
- Veldmeijer, A.J. et al.: Tutankhamun’s Footwear: Studies of Ancient Egyptian Footwear, Norg (Druk Ware) 2010.
- Veldmeijer, A.J.: Footwear in Ancient Egypt: The Medelhavsmuseet Collection, Stockholm (National Museums of World Culture) 2014.
- Vernus, P.: «Une formule des shaouabtis sur un pseudo–naos de la XIIIe Dynastie», RdÉ 26, 1974, 100-114.
- Vernus, P.: «Literary Exploitation of a Craftsman’s Device: The Sandal-Maker Biting Leather (Teaching of Chety, pSallier VIII, 12). When Philology, Iconography and Archaeology Overlap», The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC): Contributions on Archaeology, Art, Religion and Written Sources II (Miniaci, G. & Grajetzki, W., eds), London (Golden House Publications / MKS 2) 2016, 249-255.
- Ward, W.A.: Index of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles of the Middle Kingdom, With a Glossary of Words and Phrases Used, Beirut (American University of Beirut) 1982.
- Ward, W.A.: «Reflections on Some Egyptian Terms Presumed to Mean “Harem, Harem-Woman, Concubine”», Berytus 31, 1983, 67-74.
- Ward, W.A.: Essays on Feminine Titles of the Middle Kingdom and Related Subjects, Beirut (American University of Beirut) 1986.
- Wb. = Erman, A. & Grapow, H.: Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache I-V, Leipzig (J. Hinrichs) 1926-1931.
- Willems, H. et al.: Dayr ᾽Al-Barsh ā . Volume 1. The Rock Tombs of Djehutinakht (№ 17K74/1), Khnumnakht (№ 17K74/2), and Iha (№ 17K74/3). With an Essay on the History and Nature of Nomarchal Rule in the Early Middle Kingdom, Leuven-Paris-Dudley (Peeters / OLA 155) 2007.